Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of bioactive peptides IKW and RIY in spontaneously hypertensive rats and angiotensin II-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The chicken muscle-derived peptide IKW and the rapeseed-derived peptide RIY are two previously identified anti-hypertensive peptides that up-regulate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Given the interplay between hypertension and vascular inflammation and oxidation, this study investigated the potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of IKW and RIY in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). SHRs were orally administered 15 mg peptides/kg body weight for 7 days, leading to reduced vascular inflammation and oxidative stress through the modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, decreased aortic nitrotyrosine and intracellular calcium levels, and shifts in the oxylipin profile towards anti-inflammatory species. Meanwhile, VSMCs treated with peptides (50 μM), with or without suramin (10 μM), under Ang II stimulation (1 μM or 10 nM), showed reduced levels of reactive oxygen species, intracellular calcium, interleukin-1β, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). The inhibitory effects on COX2 were partially mediated by ACE2 and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) upregulation, with SIRT1 contributing to ACE2 expression, as knocking down ACE2 or blocking SIRT1 attenuated these effects. Overall, our results confirm that peptides IKW and RIY exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in the vasculature of SHRs and in Ang II stimulated VSMCs. • Peptides IKW and RIY protected rat vasculature against inflammation and oxidation. • Peptides boosted anti-inflammatory oxylipins and reduced pro-inflammatory oxylipins. • Their anti-inflammatory effects partially relied on SIRT1. • Their ability to upregulate SIRT1 contributed to their ACE2 up-regulatory activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".