Neuroanatomical Specificity of Acupuncture Points of the Shoulder Girdle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Acupuncture is a popular modality for treating shoulder pain and dysfunction. However, its reproducibility in shoulder-related clinical studies has been inconsistent. Several discrepancies were found between the systematic classical (Jia Yi Jing [JYJ]) and a modern standardized acupuncture text for the location of points on the shoulder girdle. Objective: To define the neuroanatomical target of acupoint with respect to the shoulder girdle. Methods: Transliteration of the location of shoulder girdle-related acupuncture points from the JYJ. Point locations from the JYJ were compared to the textbook Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. A review of surgical literature, cadaver dissection, and response from electrical stimulation on healthy volunteers was used to propose new neuroanatomical targets for each acupuncture point. Results: Acupuncture points of the shoulder girdle corresponded to the following: dorsal scapular, spinal accessory, long thoracic, thoraco-dorsal, suprascapular, axillary, and pectoral nerves. Conclusions: The present research verified the relationship between acupuncture points of the shoulder girdle and their corresponding neuroanatomical targets. This information increases the precision of acupuncture point stimulation and aids in the standardization of acupuncture point locations. It is expected to improve the interpretation of acupuncture studies on shoulder rehabilitation and future research design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".