Effects of whey-derived lactopeptide β-lactolin on cognitive performance in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of a long-term intervention with β-lactolin, a tetrapeptide (sequence: glycine-threonine-tryptophan-tyrosine) derived from milk, on cognitive performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. We recruited 48 participants aged 50 years or older with the Japanese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-J) score of 24–28 and a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0.5. Participants were administered β-lactolin (1.8 mg daily) or placebo for 24 weeks. The primary outcomes were the MMSE-J and the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) scores for cognitive function.Results A total of 422 individuals were screened, 48 of whom were included in this study. The MMSE-J and MoCA-J scores showed no significant differences between the groups. In the intra-group comparison of the MoCA-J delayed recall score, a significant difference was observed in the β-lactolin group after 12 and 24 weeks of intervention (p = 0.0256, p = 0.0175, respectively). Furthermore, the subgroup analysis stratified for females only showed a significant difference in MoCA-J total score in the β-lactolin group after 24 weeks of intervention (p = 0.0253).Conclusion β-lactolin intake does not significantly improve cognitive function in MCI in an inter-group comparison; nevertheless, the MoCA-J delayed recall score was significantly improved in the β-lactolin group. The number of participants was lower than planned, limiting the confirmation of the effectiveness of β-lactolin on MCI. This report demonstrated the effect size of β-lactolin intervention in MCI, contributing insights for future research.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it