Paranasal Sinus Mucoceles With Intraorbital and Intracranial Involvement: A Case Series Analysis and Surgical Outcomes Assessment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Paranasal sinus mucoceles, by virtue of extension into the orbit or cranial vault, can lead to significant ocular, nasal, or neural complications. There is limited comprehensive data on the presentation, management, and outcomes of cases with intraorbital or intracranial extension. A thorough analysis is essential to enhance clinical practices and improve patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This retrospective case series investigates the clinical presentations, radiological features, and surgical outcomes of 10 patients with paranasal sinus mucoceles exhibiting intraorbital or intracranial extensions. METHODS: Ten diagnosed cases of paranasal sinus mucoceles with intraorbital or intracranial extensions, as identified on CT or MRI imaging, were selected and retrieved from the electronic database of an academic-affiliated hospital from July 2013 to December 2023. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with IBM SPSS version 23.0 software. RESULTS: The study revealed a mean patient age of 65 years, with females (60%) affected more than males (40%). The ethmoidal and frontal sinuses were predominantly involved, with varied clinical symptoms ranging from periorbital pain to visual disturbances. Radiologically, CT and MRI scans depicted extensive sinus involvement, often with intraorbital (50%), intracranial (20%), or combined (30%) extensions. Surgical interventions, primarily endoscopic sinus surgery, resulted in favorable outcomes, including symptom resolution, minimal complications, and no recurrence. CONCLUSION: This case series emphasizes the importance of thorough preoperative evaluation, individualized surgical approaches, and vigilant postoperative care in managing mucoceles with orbital and cranial involvement. Further research with larger cohorts and extended follow-up periods is essential to refine treatment strategies and enhance patient outcomes for this complex pathology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".