Neighbourhood walkability and transportation and leisure physical activity by residency status: A cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative Canadian data
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to 1) estimate the differences in transportation (TPA) and leisure physical activity (LPA) participation and duration between Canadian-born and immigrant adults, and 2) examine whether associations between neighbourhood walkability and physical activity differ by residency status. Methods: We linked Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS; 2017-2018) with Canadian Active Living Environment (2016) data. Participants were urban Canadian-born or immigrant adults (recent: <10 years, established: ≥10 years). Walkability was calculated from counts of neighbourhood intersections, dwellings, and points of interest. Covariate-adjusted Generalized Linear Models estimated the odds ratios (OR) for participation and unstandardized β for minutes of weekly TPA and LPA by residency status with and without adjustment for walkability and for walkability-by-residency interactions. Results: Recent (OR: 1.25, 95%CI: 1.09, 1.43) and established immigrants (OR: 1.11, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.20) were more likely than Canadian-born to participate in TPA, but these differences attenuated after controlling for walkability. Recent (OR: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.51, 0.67) and established immigrants (OR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.74, 0.89) were less likely than Canadian-born to participate in LPA, independent of walkability. Recent (β: -20.61, 95%CI: -37.89, -3.34) and established immigrants (β: -18.85, 95%CI: -28.69, -9.00) undertook fewer LPA minutes than Canadian-born, which attenuated after controlling for walkability. Despite being higher in magnitude among Canadian-born, walkability was positively associated with TPA participation and duration regardless of residency status. Conclusions: Immigrants engaged in more TPA and less LPA than Canadian-born but adjusting for walkability attenuated TPA differences between residency groups. Walkability was positively associated with TPA, with different magnitude between residency groups.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it