Improving the seismic response of existing shear wall structures through experimentally validated high-performance RC retrofit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since reinforced concrete (RC) multistory shear wall (MSSW) buildings comprise an essential part of modern urban built environments, it is vital to investigate the failure modes of existing SW systems through shake-table testing (STT) and propose effective techniques to mitigate their seismic risk. Thus, this study aims to enrich the literature with STT results of two-story shear wall (2SSW) specimens representing the lateral force-resisting system (LFRS) and construction practice of pre-seismic code MSSW structures before and after the retrofit. The study also experimentally verifies the effectiveness and modeling approach of a contemporary technique comprising thin high-performance reinforced concrete (HPRC) jackets and steel angles to enhance the SW buildings’ seismic performance. Following assessing the seismic response of an existing SW specimen through pre-STT dynamic simulation, the first phase of the STT campaign confirmed the vulnerability of the substandard 2SSW primarily to bond slip failure at the construction joint. The STT results of a second 2SSW specimen retrofitted with HPRC jackets and steel plates confirmed that the unfavorable failure mode at construction joints was delayed from 0.96 g to 1.44 g. At the same input ground motion intensity that triggered the bond slip for the substandard 2SSW, the maximum top drift ratio and chord rotation of the enhanced 2SSW specimen were significantly reduced by 93.5 % and 91 %, respectively. Finally, the effectiveness of the risk-mitigation technique when applied to a three-dimensional simulation model of a real-life SW building is confirmed through probabilistic seismic performance assessment. Under the most significant seismic events at the design-based earthquake (DBE), the probability of the continued occupancy damage state improved from 26 % to almost 100 %. Signs of damage, including impaired occupancy, structural damage, and collapse, were mitigated at DBE through the proposed measures to reduce the seismic risk of existing SW structures. • Shake-table testing (STT) of substandard shear wall (SW) specimen was carried out. • Vulnerability of SW specimen to bond slip at the construction joint is confirmed. • Seismic retrofit involving high-performance concrete jacket was verified using STT. • Adopted retrofit effectively reduced the seismic demands of a second SW specimen. • Continued occupancy probability of retrofitted building improved from 26 % to 100 %.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".