Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis by Lithium-Ion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrochemical promotion of catalysis (EPOC) or non-Faradaic electrochemical modification of catalytic activity (NEMCA) is a general phenomenon in heterogeneous catalysis that in situ controls reaction rates of thermal catalysts via the application of electrical potential and enables supply/removal of ionic species (promoters) from the electrolyte. In this work, we investigated electrochemical promotion by Li-ion for carbon monoxide oxidation and reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reactions. Nanostructured Pt films (50 and 100 nm thickness) and highly dispersed FeO x nanowires ( d = 10 nm) were deposited on the lithium lanthanum titanate (Li 0.29 La 0.57 TiO 3, LLTO) solid electrolyte. By applying constant electrical potential/current, the catalytic reaction rates for both CO oxidation and RWGS were modified in a non-Faradaic way due to Li-ion migration to/from Pt and FeO x catalysts, as evidenced by STEM, XRD, and XPS. For CO oxidation, the reaction rate over FeO x decreased permanently under positive polarization, returning to the initial state only under negative polarization. Pt films showed similar rate decreases upon positive polarization but experienced an immediate increase after returning to the open circuit. For RWGS, positive polarization over FeO x led to permanent electrochemical promotion with the rate increasing in the H 2 -rich environment and decreasing under CO 2 -rich conditions. Pt catalysts showed rate increases under all conditions. These differences suggested that FeO x reacted with Li-ion in the presence of electrons due to its redox activity, while Pt remained chemically stable and did not exhibit similar interactions. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) provided insights into the interaction of Li + with the catalyst and its influence on electrochemical reactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".