Advancements in Inflammation Parallels Myopenia in <i>Winnie</i> Mice Model of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by gastrointestinal inflammation and systemic complications, including muscle wasting. Musculoskeletal conditions have remained an unappreciated aspect of IBD. This study aimed to describe the Winnie mouse model’s skeletal muscle phenotype and functional alterations. This model spontaneously develops chronic colitis that closely resembles human IBD. Methods Winnie mice and C57BL/6 (littermate) controls were evaluated at 5-6 weeks (pre-colitis) and 15-16 weeks (active colitis). Assessments included disease activity, inflammation, muscle function tests, and ex vivo analyses of the soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles for mass and histology. Results At 5-6 weeks, Winnie mice showed no disease activity or muscle changes. At 15 weeks, Winnie mice exhibited significantly higher disease activity index (DAI) and elevated lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) levels than controls. SOL and TA muscles showed decreased weights and fibre sizes, which correlated significantly with LCN-2 levels. Wheel-running activity was reduced, which correlated with increased LCN-2 levels and DAI. DAI negatively correlated with muscle mass and fibre size. Grip strength remained unaltered despite these changes. Conclusion The Winnie mouse model develops significant skeletal muscle alterations paralleling intestinal inflammation progression, characterized by reduced muscle mass and size with preserved strength but impaired functional endurance capacity. These findings establish the Winnie model as a valuable tool for investigating IBD-associated muscle wasting. Key Messages: 1. What is already known? Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with systemic complications, including muscle dysfunction. 2. What is new here? The Winnie mouse model of chronic colitis develops skeletal muscle alterations that correlate with the progression of intestinal inflammation. Muscle changes in Winnie mice include reduced muscle mass, decreased fibre size, and, functional decline but preserved grip strength. 3. How can this study help patient care? This research highlights the importance of monitoring muscle health in IBD patients and suggests potential targets for interventions to preserve muscle function. The Winnie model provides a valuable tool for testing therapies aimed at addressing muscle dysfunction in IBD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".