A cross-sectional comparison of the association between self-reported sources of stress and psychological distress among Canadian undergraduate and graduate students
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to (1) descriptively compare stressors experienced by postsecondary students at the undergraduate versus graduate levels of study, and (2) evaluate the relationship between stressors and psychological distress, controlling for the effects of level of study. Participants: Undergraduate (n = 3774) and graduate (n = 889) students across 15 Canadian universities who completed the Post-Secondary Student Index electronic survey in October of 2020. Methods: Mean severity score for stressors were compared between level of study. Regression analyses evaluated the association of student specific stressors and overall stress. Results: Undergraduate students generally had higher levels of perceived stress compared to graduate students, notably in areas of academics, the learning environment, and campus culture. Multiple stressors were associated with an increase in stress; a prior mental health diagnosis was the main predictor in increased stress. Conclusions: Stressors differed between level of study. Results can inform supports, particularly regarding exams/assignments weighing and communication of expectations for institutions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".