Elucidating the alcohol-sleep-hangover relationship in college students using a daily diary approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This daily diary study expands knowledge of the pharmacological alcohol-sleep relationship using a multilevel modeling approach. The interplay between alcohol and sleep on hangover susceptibility is also explored. College students ( n = 337; 52 % female) provided 2976 days of self-reported alcohol use. We regressed sleep duration onto accumulated sleep debt, prior night sleep duration, and estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) at bedtime; linear mixed models disaggregated day and person-level effects. Binomial models, assessing days after drinking when eBAC = 0 % versus when eBAC>0 % at waketime, regressed hangover susceptibility onto the same predictors plus sleep duration. More accumulated sleep debt predicted slightly longer same-night sleep. Greater than average bedtime intoxication predicted longer than average same-night sleep when drinking ceased early, but later drinking attenuated the relationship. People who typically stopped drinking later in the night reported typically shorter sleep durations on drinking nights. When waketime eBAC = 0 %, higher eBAC at bedtime and drinking later on a given night predicted greater next-day hangover susceptibility. Typical bedtime eBAC and typically later drinking predicted typically greater hangover susceptibility. When waketime eBAC>0 %, longer sleep duration predicted more likely hangovers. Bedtime eBAC and sleep debt interacted, such that more sleep debt attenuated the positive association between intoxication and next-day hangover susceptibility. Late-night drinking appeared to reduce sleep duration and increase hangover susceptibility. Accumulated sleep debt complicated the alcohol-sleep-hangover relationship. External factors influencing sleep behaviors were not assessed, but the results highlight the need to deconstruct sleep into acute and chronic processes. Future studies should better subdivide physiological processes related to hangovers. • Those who drink later at night sleep less, on average, than earlier drinkers • Higher bedtime intoxication lengthens sleep when drinking stops earlier than usual • Higher bedtime intoxication shortens sleep when drinking stops later than usual • Only 2 min of recovery sleep is gained for every hour of sleep debt accrued • Hangover susceptibility after heavy drinking is lower with more sleep debt accrued
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".