Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with Stabilization Exercises in Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation combined with cervical stabilization exercises on functional status, cognitive functions, and sleep quality in individuals with chronic neck pain. Materials and methods: The study involved 29 individuals (mean age 33.06 ± 14.81 years). The experimental group (n=10) received combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (2 mA/20 min) with cervical stabilization exercises, while the control group (n=10) received only cervical stabilization exercises. The sham group (n=9) received placebo Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (0 mA/20 min) with cervical stabilization exercises. Assessments were conducted before and after completing 8 weeks with 2 days per week of intervention, i.e., 16 sessions. Primary Outcome Measures: Pain severity was assessed using the 10 cm Visual Analogue Scale and the Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire. Muscle endurance was measured by testing cervical flexors, extensors, and deep flexor muscles. Functional limitations were evaluated with the Profile Fitness Mapping neck questionnaire. Cognitive status was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Trail Making Test. Sleep quality was evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: After 16 sessions, all groups demonstrated a significant increase in cervical flexor muscle endurance (P < .05) and a significant decrease in Visual Analogue Scale pain scores at rest and at activity. Additionally, the experimental group exhibited a significant improvement in Visual Analogue Scale with activity, Profile Fitness Mapping neck questionnaire, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. No significant difference was found between the groups in cognitive function or sleep quality (P > .05). Conclusion: The importance of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation combined with cervical stabilization exercises as a tool for pain management and rehabilitation of impaired motor control in cervical muscles in individuals with chronic neck pain is emphasized. It is suggested that combined approaches are considered instead of cervical stabilization exercises alone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".