Target organ toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats following oral exposure to complex groundwater mixture: Assessment of dose-response relationships using histopathological and biochemical alterations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exposure to contaminant mixtures from industrial legacy sites presents unique challenges that require novel approaches such as effects-directed toxicity assessment. This study characterized the target organ toxicity of groundwater from a legacy contaminated pesticide plant in male and female Sprague Dawley rats exposed to low impact (10% v/v) groundwater, high impact (0.01% v/v, 0.1% v/v, 1% v/v, and 10% v/v) groundwater or tap water (control) for 60 days. Rats exposed to high impact (1% and 10%) and 10% low impact groundwater mixture showed statistically significant increases in liver necro-inflammation relative to control. A statistically significant reduction was observed in plasma albumin of exposed rats (except 0.01% high impact) and alpha 2 macroglobulin (all exposed) when compared to the control. All groundwater-exposed rats showed glomerulopathy, but there were sex-specific differences in acute tubular necrosis. Testes showed germinal cell vacuolation, necrosis, reduced seminiferous epithelial height, and Sertoli syndrome in exposed rats, accompanied by reduced plasma testosterone and increased testicular malondialdehyde. Taken together, this sub-chronic oral exposure to groundwater from a contaminated industrial site caused dose-dependent hepatic and testicular toxicity, while nephrotoxicity was both sex-dependent and dose-dependent. This study provides support for the essentiality of using effects-driven approaches in the risk assessment of complex mixtures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".