Decadal Changes in the Pathways of the Atlantic Water Core in the Arctic Ocean Inferred From Transient Tracers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Atlantic Water plays a major and increasing role in the heat budget of the Arctic Ocean (Atlantification). The pathways of Atlantic Water within the Arctic Ocean, and in particular their sensitivities to large‐scale atmospheric patterns such as the Arctic Oscillation, remain unclear. In this study, we used the trace gases CFC‐12 and to investigate the Atlantic Water pathways during different phases of the Arctic Oscillation. We calculated tracer ages for the temperature maximum of the Atlantic Water, focusing on repeated transects (1994, 2005, 2015) in the Amerasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean. During a positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation in 1994, tracer ages were low along the Chukchi shelf due to a strong coherent boundary current. In contrast, the ages were up to 10 years higher in 2015 without this coherent current during a mixed phase of the Arctic Oscillation. Further, we identified a discontinuity in the inflow between the Makarov Basin and the Canada Basin during this phase. Tracer ages were 10 years higher in the Canada Basin, suggesting a closed circulation without direct inflow in this region. Our tracer ages generally align with previously proposed circulation schemes and water ages, with major exceptions in 2015. We have shown that the tracer ages are applicable to identify decadal changes in the Atlantic Water core pathways in the central Arctic Ocean.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".