Caesarean Section at a Selected Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka: Indications and Feto-Maternal Consequences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Cesarean section (CS) delivery has substantially increased globally over the past few decades. Unnecessary C-sections can cause infections, excessive bleeding and various health complications for mothers and babies. In Bangladesh, more than 860,000 C-sections per year are medically unnecessary. Objectives: To determine the indications along with fetal and maternal consequences of CS deliveries. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in paying wards in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of a selected tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh. A sum of 306 patients were recruited to be a part of this study. Medical documents were used as sources of data and face-to-face interviews were conducted. Descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Mean age was 26.35 ± 5.08 years; 58.5% were multiparous; mean duration of current pregnancy was 35.89 ± 4.23 weeks; 85% deliveries were performed by CS; indications revealed 26.3% cases for less fetal movement and 12.9% for history of previous caesarean section; 91.5% babies were live births; mean birth weight was 2.82 ± 0.53 kg, APGAR scoring at 5th minute was good for 95% fetuses; maternal condition during discharge was stable in 93.1% cases and mean length of hospital stay was 4.30 ± 1.83 days. Conclusion: It can be suggested that the health authorities should formulate specialized programs and spread awareness about the ill effects of caesarean deliveries. The authorities should provide awareness to pregnant women on every comprehensive checkup about the pros and cons of C-section delivery and how to maintain good physical health throughout their pregnancy period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".