Coexistence of native and invasive species: the case of the Critically Endangered endemic carnivores from Cozumel Island, Mexico
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Species face increasing threats from anthropogenic disturbances to natural habitats, and we need to understand how threatened species are affected. For example, studying animals’ behavior and responses toward co-occurring species provides information on ecological interactions. We explored the patterns and drivers of the spatial use of two native carnivores endemic to Cozumel Island, Mexico, the Cozumel raccoon (Critically Endangered) and the dwarf coati (considered as Threatened in Mexico). We used multi-seasonal occupancy models to assess the effect that environmental variables, or the interactions with the other endemic carnivore, with a potentially competing species (common opossum) and with an invasive predator (dog), have on the activity of each endemic carnivore. We also compared their daily activity patterns. Habitat type was the main factor driving the detection and occupancy probability of both native carnivores that showed low to moderate overlap in daily activity patterns with competing species and with an invasive predator. Neither habitat disturbance nor dogs affected carnivore occupancy, suggesting that both variables have not reached a critical threshold to negatively influence the occurrence of native carnivores. Our results are relevant for understanding the spatiotemporal ecological requirements and constraints of two endangered endemic carnivores and for planning actions for their conservation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".