Photon Recycling and Efficiency Limit of a Silicon Solar Cell With a Specular and a Diffusive Surface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Analytical expressions for photon reabsorption probability in a solar cell, in which one of the surfaces, front or back, is specular and the other one is diffusive are obtained within the ray optics approximation. Due to the free carrier absorption, the light-generated current and the radiative recombination coefficient depend on the electron-hole pair density within the cell. Accurate analytical approximations that describe this effect are derived. These formulae are applied to evaluate the limit efficiency of a c-Si solar cells, whose one surface is specular and the other is diffusive, under AM1.5G irradiation at$ 25\,^{\circ }$C. For the solar cells with specular front and diffusive back surfaces, the efficiency is maximized at the cell thickness of 110$\mu$m and has a value of 29.4%. In the configuration with diffusive front surface, the limiting efficiency of 29.5% is achieved at the optimal thickness of 100$\mu$m regardless of the texturing type of the back surface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".