Adult respiratory syncytial virus disease burden: systematic literature review in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East (2012–2022)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim: To assess the burden of respiratory syncytial virus-associated disease in older adults (RSV OA), ≥50 years old, in World Health Organization region countries in Africa, the Americas (except for Canada and the USA), Eastern Mediterranean, Europe (except for European Union countries and the UK), South-East Asia, and Western Pacific (except for Australia, China, Japan, New Zealand, and South Korea).Materials & methods: English-language publications published and indexed in Embase (2012 to 29 September 2022) and MEDLINE (2012 to 29 September 2022) were reviewed. RSV OA outcomes of interest: epidemiology, testing/diagnostic methods, clinical/humanistic burden.Results: Nine RSV OA-burden statistics publications were identified from Africa (Kenya, Madagascar, and South Africa), the Americas (Guatemala), Eastern Mediterranean (Morocco), South-East Asia (Thailand), and Western Pacific (Hong Kong). One study described RSV hospital course (9-day median length of stay, 9.4% intensive-care admission rate), and seven studies reported case-fatality ratios (range, 7.5–15.9%). A third (3/9) of the studies investigated uniquely older adult disease.Conclusion: The limited details of RSV OA burden suggest nonetheless that RSV-associated hospitalization courses and mortality rates are substantial. While considerable surveillance needs remain, optimizing RSV vaccine access through immunization programs in these WHO region countries are essential steps to control RSV OA disease burden.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.017 | 0.019 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".