Ventricular Dysfunction Secondary to Refeeding Syndrome in an Infant, A Case Report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Refeeding syndrome is a complex of signs and symptoms that occur following the abrupt initiation of enteral or parenteral nutrition in malnourished patients, among other causes. Most data focuses on adolescents and adults, with limited neonatal information and other pediatric group ages. This case presents an infant who developed ventricular dysfunction due to refeeding syndrome following starvation. Case Report: A 5-month-old female with a one-month history of generalized maculopapular rash and lower limb edema. Physical examination revealed severe malnutrition and significant electrolyte imbalances. The initial echocardiogram was unremarkable. Despite nutritional and dermatological management, the patient developed respiratory distress, generalized edema, and anuria, necessitating Pediatric Intensive Care Unit admission. Subsequent echocardiograms revealed dilated cardiomyopathy with systolic-diastolic dysfunction. After receiving inodilator therapy and diuretics, her condition temporarily improved but deteriorated again, requiring further intensive care. Imaging ruled out significant structural heart disease, and after a prolonged hospital stay, the patient was eventually stabilized and discharged with gradual nutritional and growth improvement. Discussion: Cardiac complications following refeeding have been reported primarily in older patients with comorbidities, unlike our case, hence the rarity. Malnutrition-induced myocardial alterations and the stress of refeeding may have contributed to the observed ventricular dysfunction. Conclusion: Any malnourished patient should be considered for the potential onset of refeeding syndrome. Risks and complications should not be underestimated despite the patient's age. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for the proper management of this condition, although its presence does not seem to warrant special considerations for the care of cardiac complications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".