Hydraulic characteristics of effective sea lamprey barriers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A network of 494 lowermost barriers on tributaries of the Laurentian Great Lakes prevents invasive sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ) from accessing upstream spawning habitat and is critical to the success of the sea lamprey control program. The design goal of purpose-built barriers for sea lamprey control at low-head dams was to maintain a minimum vertical separation of 45 cm between the crest and downstream water level and a 15-cm overhanging lip. Due to physical site constraints limiting barrier design height and fluctuating stream water levels, many barriers cannot meet the design criteria. However, some barriers continue to block the passage of the sea lamprey even when the design criteria are not fulfilled. We conducted a physical modeling study of three sea lamprey barriers of varying historical efficacies to understand the hydraulic characteristics of effective barriers better. Results showed that time-averaged and horizontally averaged streamwise velocity, energy dissipation rate, and eddy length scale in the vertical direction strongly correlate with barrier efficacy. We combined the resulting variables into a dimensionless Barrier number that can be used to categorize barrier efficacy. Ineffective barriers generally had higher Barrier numbers than effective barriers. Our experimental investigation suggests that the fluid flow and turbulence conditions near the riverbed are not as crucial to barrier efficacy as those above the riverbed at 50 % of the crest height. Our work improves understanding of how existing barriers block sea lamprey movement, which could aid in the design of future sea lamprey barriers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".