Mental disorder diagnoses and symptoms and functional impairment in school-age children in the care of child protective services
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: About 50 % of children in the care of child protective services present at least one mental disorder, but few studies have looked at whether there are differences in mental disorders or symptoms between children placed in out-of-home care (foster care and residential care) and their community peers. OBJECTIVE: This study documents the mental disorder diagnoses and symptoms among children in out-of-home care and their associations with children functional impairment. It also compares out-of-home care children with those from the community. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: The sample was composed of children aged 5 to 12 years in foster care (n = 154), in residential care (n = 111), and from the community (n = 92). METHODS: Caregivers reported the children's diagnoses and completed questionnaires on the children's symptoms. RESULTS: 1) Proportionally more children in out-of-home care presented a mental disorder than did children from the community. Proportions were similar for those in foster care and those in residential care; 2) Children in out-of-home care presented more symptoms than those from the community for all the mental disorders considered and the children in residential care presented more symptoms than did those in foster care for about half of the disorders considered; 3) symptoms were strongly associated with functional impairment; and 4) the symptoms of RAD, ADHD, OCD, CD, and ODD proved significant predictors of functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a picture of the mental disorders and symptoms among samples of school-age children in the care of child protective services and raises questions about the proportions of some of the diagnosis that children receive.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".