The Early Course of Radiographic Progression in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Have We Missed Something?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The DESIR ( Devenir des spondylarthropathies indifférenciées récentes ) cohort is a rather successful 10-year follow-up study of 708 patients with early inflammatory back pain lasting > 3 months and < 3 years, and recruited within 26 months in 25 centers in France. Patients were followed up every 6 months during the first 2 years and then once every year.1 The mean age at baseline was 34 (SD 9) years, 54% were female, and 57% were HLA-B27 positive. Very recently, the 10-year data on radiographic progression of patients from this cohort, classified as having either nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) or radiographic axSpA (r-axSpA; also known as ankylosing spondylitis [AS]), were published.2 In axSpA, the axial skeleton is mainly affected through inflammation and new bone formation; this is well known to mostly start in the third decade of life, with patients often presenting with the characteristic feature of inflammatory back pain. The difference between the classification as r-axSpA or nr-axSpA is historically based on the presence or absence of definite radiographic changes in the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) of patients with axSpA, which is equivalent to fulfilling the radiographic criterion of the 1984 modified New York (mNY) criteria for AS. Since back pain is a frequent symptom, there is often a considerable delay in diagnosis between 5 to 10 years after the onset of symptoms. Clearly, reduction of pain and maintenance/improvement of function are important factors for patients, and spinal radiographic progression is considered an important long-term outcome of axSpA, which can be predicted—next to male sex and smoking—by the persistence of … Address correspondence to Prof. J. Braun, RVZ Steglitz, Schloßstr.110, 12163 Berlin, Germany. Email: juebraun{at}gmx.de.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".