Effectiveness of Modified Complicated Grief Therapy Intervention on Depression in Immigrant Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Migration is a widespread phenomenon globally, often leading to adverse mental health impacts for migrants, particularly children. Such impacts highlight the importance of appropriate non-pharmacological interventions to mitigate these potential negative outcomes. Depression is one of the most prevalent psychological consequences among immigrant children and, therefore, requires focused intervention and treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the modified complicated grief therapy (MCGT) intervention in reducing symptoms of depression in immigrant children. Methods: For this study, 20 Canadian immigrant children were selected using simple random sampling, with ten assigned to the intervention group and 10 to the control group. Depression levels in participants were measured using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) self-report questionnaire, which has demonstrated validity and reliability in previous studies. The intervention method, MCGT, was delivered to the intervention group across 12 online sessions via Google Meet, while the control group received no intervention. Depression levels were assessed at three points: Pre-intervention, immediate post-intervention, and one-month post-intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, applying relevant statistical tests to compare pre-and post-intervention scores across study groups. Results: The results indicated that of the 20 children selected, 9 (45%) were boys and 11 (55%) were girls, with an average age of 11.7 ± 1.79 years. The mean ages of fathers and mothers were 41.35 ± 4.96 and 37.35 ± 5.04 years, respectively. Findings showed no statistically significant difference in the average depression scores between the control and intervention groups before the intervention (P = 0.561). However, a statistically significant difference was observed in the mean depression scores between the control and intervention groups immediately after the intervention (P = 0.003) and one-month post-intervention (P < 0.001). In the intervention group, the average depression score decreased by 6.5 points immediately after the intervention and by 10.6 points one month later, whereas an increasing trend in depression scores was noted in the control group. Conclusions: Based on the results, the MCGT intervention method is effective and significant in reducing the depression level of immigrant children. Therefore, counselors and psychologists are suggested to use the MCGT intervention method (as a non-drug method) to reduce depression in children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".