Association of the Apollo Wearable With Fatigue, Raynaud Phenomenon, and Quality of Life in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis: A Pilot Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective In patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), fatigue is the highest-ranked symptom affecting quality of life (QOL), followed by Raynaud phenomenon (RP). We report results from a pilot study of the Apollo wearable device in patients with SSc. Methods Twenty-five adult participants with SSc, moderate fatigue, and RP were enrolled. Participants completed a 4-week intervention, during which they wore the Apollo device daily for a minimum of 15 minutes. The primary outcome was change on the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Fatigue 13a (PROMIS Fatigue) at 4 weeks. Results After 4 weeks of using the Apollo wearable, participants reported less fatigue on the PROMIS Fatigue (P< 0.001) scale. The average daily number of RP attacks declined (P= 0.007), as did the Raynaud Condition Score (P= 0.007) after 4 weeks of use. Average device usage (2.87 hours/day) far exceeded the requested time, and no adverse events occurred. The PROMIS-29 subscores assessment demonstrated QOL improvement in physical function (P= 0.01), depression (P= 0.03), fatigue (P= 0.01), sleep disturbance (P= 0.002), and ability to participate in social roles and activities (P< 0.001). Significant improvements were also noted for depression (P= 0.004) and disability (P< 0.05) measures. Conclusion Use of the Apollo wearable for 4 weeks was associated with improvement in fatigue and RP symptoms in patients with SSc, with improved QOL measures, lower depression scores, and improved disability measures. Future studies should further test the efficacy of the Apollo wearable in these domains and QOL of patients with SSc. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04854850 )
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".