Silane-modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) based natural rubber composites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research explored the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) modified with 3-isocyanotopropyltriethoxysilane (IPTS) as a reinforcing agent of natural rubber (NR). A single-step heterogeneous reaction was employed to modify the surface hydroxyl (OH) groups of the CNC using IPTS. Various characterizations were employed to evaluate the surface modification of CNCs. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) showed 18 % reduction in crystallinity demonstrated the preservation of the crystal structure of the modified CNC, while an increase in the contact angle verified the altered polarity. Subsequently, nanocomposites of NR- modified CNCs (mCNC) were fabricated, and resulted showed that the CNC modification significantly enhanced the interaction between CNCs and NR, leading to reduced cure time, ease of processibility, and improved mechanical properties with a 71 % increase in tensile strength. The findings highlighted the effectiveness of CNCs modification in enhancing the properties of NR nanocomposites and provide valuable insights into the optimal loading concentration for effective reinforcement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".