Digital Image Transmission Over FSO System with OAM Beams: Quality Assessment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a new high-speed black and white image transmission across Free Space Optics (FSO) system utilizing Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) multiplexing. The system is designed to simultaneously transmit four distinct black and white images (trees, cameraman, lighthouse, and peppers), each modulated onto a separate OAM beam (LG00, LG015, LG045, and LG075) at a rate of 10 Gbps, demonstrating the feasibility of parallel transmission of digital images. The system performance is evaluated over different weather conditions including Clear Air (CA), different fog levels, and real-world meteorological data from Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A median filtering technique is applied to improve image quality, leading to notable enhancements in Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). The system successfully supports the transmission over a 16 km in CA weather and 10 km link under Riyadh weather conditions. At these ranges, SNR, PSNR, and SSIM are greater than 6.05 dB, 11.54 dB, and 0.56, respectively. This study underscores the potential of using OAM-based FSO systems for high-speed, real-time remote monitoring, particularly in adverse atmospheric environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".