Active primitive reflexes obstruct tactical and technical skills in football players
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Primitive reflexes (PRs) are involuntary motor responses present at birth, typically replaced by voluntary motor control during development. If PRs remain active beyond infancy, they can impair motor and cognitive abilities. This study investigated the correlation between active PRs and Tactical (TaS) and Technical Skills (TeS) in professional football matches. Fifty-eight male football players (17.5 ± 1.4 years) from a French academy were assessed for PR activity, categorized into inactive or active PR groups. Assessed PRs included asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR), symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR), tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR), and Moro reflex (MR). Analysis of twenty matches showed players with active PRs had significantly lower success rates in TaS and TeS, including 15.5% and 31.8% lower pass success in imbalance and finishing zones (p < 0.01). Players with active PRs also performed worse in defensive actions and duels (p < 0.01). The findings highlight that active PRs hinder football performance, especially in challenging match situations like duels and crowded zones. This suggests the need for training programs to address PR effects and enhance player performance. Further research should refine methods for integrating these RPs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".