Genomic structural variation and herbicide resistance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The coinciding increase in genomics resources for weedy plant species and herbicide resistance evolution has led to a rapid expansion of our understanding of the relationship between genomic structural variation and herbicide resistance mechanisms. Since the first discovery of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase ( EPSPS) copy number variation conferring glyphosate resistance in Amaranthus palmeri, we have seen rapid convergent evolution of the same herbicide-resistance mechanism in eleven diverse weed species by a variety of unique structural variant-generating mechanisms. These mechanisms include extrachromosomal circular DNA replication, unequal crossing over, and subtelomeric duplication. More recently, target-site duplication has been found to cause resistance for other herbicides with different modes of action, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors and glutamine synthetase inhibitors. Additionally, the first transposon-generated structural variants that confer herbicide resistances are beginning to be discovered. This review summarizes our current understanding of structural variation in agronomic weed genomes as it relates to herbicide resistance and emphasizes necessary future research to clarify the size, nature, and mechanisms that give rise to genomic structural variation. While we limit our review to herbicide resistance traits, this work also highlights the importance of structural variation as a critical component of total genetic diversity and its importance for the rapid evolution of novel traits.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".