Bibliographic record
Abstract
Because strongly-linearizable objects provide stronger guarantees than linearizability, they serve as valuable building blocks for the design of concurrent data structures. Yet, many objects that have linearizable implementations from base objects weaker than compare&swap objects do not have strongly-linearizable implementations from the same base objects. We focus on one such object: the bag, a multiset from which processes can take unspecified elements. We present the first lock-free, strongly-linearizable implementation of a bag from interfering objects (specifically, registers and test&set objects). This may be surprising, since there are provably no such implementations of stacks or queues. Since a bag can contain arbitrarily many elements, an unbounded amount of space must be used to implement it. Hence, it makes sense to also consider a bag with a bound on its capacity. However, like stacks and queues, a bag with capacity b shared by more than 2b processes has no lock-free, strongly-linearizable implementation from interfering objects. If we further restrict a bounded bag so that only one process can insert into it, we are able to obtain a lock-free, strongly-linearizable implementation from O(b+n) interfering objects, where n is the number of processes. Our goal is to understand the circumstances under which strongly-linearizable implementations of bags exist and, more generally, to understand the power of interfering objects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".