Peripheral defects precede neuromuscular pathology in the <i> Smn <sup>2B/−</sup> </i> mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss or mutation of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1 ) gene. Though classically regarded as a motor neuron disorder, reports are increasingly describing the involvement of non-neuronal organs in SMA. The Smn 2B/− mouse is a model of SMA that displays a peripheral phenotype including metabolic defects. Objective: Here, we characterized several neuronal and non-neuronal defects in the Smn 2B/− mouse throughout development to better understand the progression of the disease and the relationship between tissue defects. Methods: We collected tissues from mutant Smn 2B/− mice and Smn 2B/+ littermate controls at several timepoints and evaluated spinal cord motor neuron loss, neuromuscular junction pathology, muscle fiber size, liver steatosis, and pancreatic islet cell composition. Blood glucose and plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) were also measured. Results: Smn 2B/− mice displayed several peripheral defects prior to motor neuron loss and showed early elevations in neurofilament light chain (NfL) protein. Conclusions: This work provides an important framework for guiding future research with this mouse model and demonstrates that the liver may be an early target in the development of SMA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".