A practical field assay to detect demethylation inhibitor fungicide resistance in <i>Clarireedia jacksonii</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Dollar spot, caused by Clarireedia jacksonii , is one of the most common turfgrass diseases, and requires abundant fungicide use for control. Currently, identification resistance to demethylation‐inhibitor fungicides requires lab facilities for isolation and sensitivity assessment. We have developed a selective medium containing 0.5 µg/mL propiconazole, antibiotics, and tartaric acid capable of identifying propiconazole‐resistant isolates from field samples. Tests with leaves from inoculated turfgrass plots showed that from ∼2000 samples, resistant or sensitive isolates could be identified accurately 96% of the time. Field tests by both end users (turf managers) and researchers were conducted at 20 locations across Southern Ontario involving over 200 samples. Clarireedia jacksonii was found at 13 of the sampled locations on non‐fungicidal media, and at 12 of these locations, propiconazole‐resistant isolates were found using amended media. The proportion of resistant isolates found ranged from 0% to 100% at the locations. This field assay can be developed into a field kit for turf managers, and this proof of concept will assist in the development of similar assays for other pathogens and on other crops.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".