Effect of Isopropanol on the Electrocatalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol to Cyclohexane in a Stirred Slurry Reactor: Factorial Experimental Design
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The production of cyclohexane through the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol is a kinetically challenging process in an aqueous electrocatalytic system. Adding isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as a polar protic solvent to the aqueous electrolyte in a stirred slurry reactor with a Pt/C catalyst, we demonstrated the production of cyclohexane by electrocatalytic hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol along with intermediate products such as phenols and cyclohexanones. Univariate analysis was augmented with statistical experimental design and response surface methodology-based optimization to reveal the main and interaction effects of reaction variables such as IPA and methanesulfonic acid content in the catholyte under galvanostatic conditions. The addition of 25% vol. IPA in the catholyte composed of 1.0 M methanesulfonic acid, 0.25 M NaCl, and 0.1 M guaiacol was most effective for electrocatalytic guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation at −66 mA cm –2 superficial current density and 60 °C using 5 g/L 5% wt Pt/C catalyst in the stirred slurry reactor. Under these conditions, the energy requirement was low (5.9 Wh mol –1 ), and a high faradaic efficiency (69%) was obtained with a guaiacol conversion of 69.3% and a cyclohexane yield of 6.7%. Reaction network analysis revealed an additional pathway for guaiacol conversion in the presence of IPA involving anisole as the intermediate species. Reaction kinetic and mechanistic insights are also presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".