Lineage-specific trait variation generates widespread, contemporaneous coexistence and competitive exclusion dynamics in an invasive, multihost wildlife parasite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Invasive and highly virulent parasites are being transported to new locations and into novel hosts by anthropogenic activities. Repeated introductions lead to interactions amongst genetic lineages, resulting in competitive exclusion, coexistence, or cycling through a combination of the two. Here, we describe interactions between the same two lineages that demonstrate both ends of the exclusion/coexistence continuum. We report intra-lineage trait variation of the multihost amphibian parasite Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis driving contrasting outcomes of inter-lineage interactions on two continents. Trait variation in the global pandemic lineage, BdGPL, is responsible: In Europe, BdGPL competitively constrained the distribution of the other, BdCAPE, while in Africa, BdGPL and BdCAPE can mutually invade host populations when the other is already resident, leading to coinfections and recombination. That these contrasting outcomes are prolonged and contemporaneous illustrates how epidemiological models of invasive wildlife parasites need to account for trait variation both within and across lineages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".