Switchable Photovoltaic Effect Induced by Light Intensity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Photovoltaic devices capable of reversible photovoltaic polarity through external signal modulation may enable multifunctional optoelectronic systems. However, such devices are limited to those induced by gate voltage, electrical poling, or optical wavelength by using complicated device architectures. Here, we show that the photovoltaic polarity is also switchable with the intensity of incident light. The modulation in light intensity induces photovoltaic polarity switching in geometrically asymmetric MoS 2 Schottky photodiodes, explained by the asymmetric lowering of the Schottky barrier heights due to the trapping of photogenerated holes at the MoS 2 /Cr interface states. An applied gate voltage can further modulate the carrier concentration in the MoS 2 channel, providing a method to tune the threshold light intensity of polarity switching. Finally, a bidirectional optoelectronic logic gate with “AND” and “OR” functions was demonstrated within a single device.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".