Longitudinal study of chronic nausea and vomiting and its associations with sleep-related leg cramps in the US general population
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• WHAT IS KNOWN • Chronic nausea and vomiting are poorly documented in the general population • Unmanaged chronic nausea and vomiting can lead to dehydration and mineral deficiencies • WHAT IS NEW HERE • Chronic nausea and vomiting appear to be highly associated with sleep-related leg cramps • Chronic nausea and vomiting are preceding and predicting sleep-related leg cramps • Prevalence and incidence of sleep-related leg cramps are highly related to the occurrence of chronic nausea and vomiting in the preceding weeks Chronic nausea and vomiting (CNV) can have a long-term impact on people's health and quality of life. This study aims to investigate whether CNV is involved in the development of sleep-related leg cramps (SRLCs) in a longitudinal study involving 10,931 participants representative of the US general population. Participants were interviewed three years apart over the telephone using the Sleep-EVAL expert system. It collected information on sleep habits/disturbances (International Classification of Sleep Disorders), mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR) and medical conditions. CNV was defined as episodes of nausea and vomiting occurring at least five times a month for at least one month (outside pregnancy) as per the ROME IV recommendations. At the initial interview, 3% (95%CI:2.7%-3.3%) of the participants reported CNV, and 2.5% (95%CI:2.2%-2.8%) at follow-up. The 3-year incidence for CNV was 1.4%. SRLCs was found in 12.4% (95%CI:11.9%-13.1%) of the sample at the first-interview and 11.5% (95%CI:10.1%-12.1%) at follow-up. Multivariate models show that individuals with CNV at both interviews had a relative risk 4.1 times higher (95%CI:2.7-6.2; p<0.0001) to have SRLCs at follow-up compared to those without nausea or vomiting. Magnesium intake at the initial interview was a protective factor for SRLCs (RR 0.4; 95%CI: 0.2-0.7; p=003). Symptoms of CNV lasting for years is highly predictive of SRLC based on this longitudinal survey. The link between the two pathologies could be partially explained by potential potassium/magnesium depletion from muscles as a result of CNV. The findings of this study call for physician awareness of the association between CNV and SRLC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".