New insights into methane storage through coal pore opening and closure mechanisms during transient supercritical CO2 fracturing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study focuses on the often-overlooked closed pores in coal, which play a crucial role in isolating and storing significant amounts of methane, thereby directly impacting the efficiency of methane extraction. Using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (LP-N2A) and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) combined with multifractal theory, we examined the dynamics of pore opening and closure during supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) fracturing at various pressures. Initially, chemical dissolution and the extraction of small organic molecules increased the surface area and volume of open pores. Stress-induced pore opening reduced closed pore volume, potentially increasing methane release. Enhanced fractal dimensions indicated greater pore heterogeneity. As fracturing progressed, pore interconnectivity improved, facilitating methane migration. Matrix contraction slightly expanded closed pores, increasing closed porosity. Fractal parameter decreases reflected changes in pore-scale correlation and reduced density. The isolation effect of closed pores delayed stress transmission, leading to asynchronous responses between total and open pores. Later, larger open pores collapsed, fragmenting the coal and increasing pore volume and surface area, while new closed pores raised closed porosity. These findings offer insights into how pore structure evolution during fracturing regulates methane at the micropore level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".