Post Operative Epidural Analgesia in Pediatric Abdominal Surgery: Comparison of Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: A Caudal epidural block is considered as one of the most common regional techniques in pediatric anesthesia. The latest addition to the group of adjuvants for caudal analgesia is α2 agonists namely Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine. This study includes a comparison of clonidine and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in caudal epidural anesthesia for postoperative pain relief in the pediatric population. Methods: This study was performed on 60 children, aged 1 year to 6 years, of ASA physical status I and II, undergoing elective infra-umbilical surgeries under general anesthesia. The patients were assigned randomly into two groups of 30 patients each, caudal epidural was given in all patients according to their group, after giving general anaesthesia. Group A (n=30) - patient received 0.125% bupivacaine (1ml/kg) with 0.5mcg/kg Dexmedetomidine. Group B (n=30)- patient received 0.125% bupivacaine (1ml/kg) with 0.5mcg/kg Clonidine. The patients were observed postoperatively for the duration and effect of caudal analgesia, (using the CHEOPS Score - Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale), frequency and total dose of supplementary analgesic required, sedative effect (Modified Ramsay Sedation Score), perioperative hemodynamic parameters, and complications. Results: The duration of Caudal analgesia without the need of supplementary analgesic is significantly higher in dexmedetomidine group (743 ± 73.6 min) than clonidine group (181.7 ± 53.60 min) and the total dose of supplementary analgesic (Inj. Paracetamol 15mg/kg i.v) required is significantly higher in clonidine group (491.5 ± 134.55 mg) as compared to dexmedetomidine group (236.5 ± 113.68 mg). Conclusion: Addition of dexmedetomidine (0.5 mcg/kg) to caudal 0.125% bupivacaine (1ml/kg) produces a significantly longer duration of postoperative analgesia, less frequency, and dose of rescue analgesic required for postoperative analgesia in children, aged between 1 to 6 yrs as compared to a similar dose of clonidine used in caudal epidural for infra umbilical surgeries.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".