Dietary supplementation with lycopene improves semen quality and antioxidant status in breeder roosters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary lycopene supplementation on semen quality, testicular histology, antioxidant capacity, and reproductive hormone levels in aging breeder roosters. A total of 96 roosters were randomly divided into four groups and supplemented with 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of lycopene for six weeks. Lycopene significantly improved semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, viability, and morphological parameters at all doses (P < 0.05). The 200 mg/kg group exhibited the highest semen volume by week 6 (0.44 mL, P < 0.05). Sperm concentration increased significantly in the 100 mg/kg group (P < 0.05), and motility was highest in the 200 mg/kg group by week 4 (92.08 %, P < 0.05). Testicular histology also showed significant improvement, with a notable increase in seminiferous tubule area at 200 mg/kg (0.11 mm², P < 0.01), while Leydig cell density followed a quadratic response, peaking at 100 mg/kg (44.60 cells/mm², P < 0.01). Plasma LH and testosterone levels peaked at 100 mg/kg, with significant increases of 12.81 % and 43.37 %, respectively (P < 0.01). Lycopene enhanced antioxidant capacity across seminal plasma, plasma, and testicular tissues, with significant increases in T-SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activities (P < 0.05). MDA levels were significantly reduced, especially at 100 mg/kg (P < 0.01). Lycopene supplementation also improved mitochondrial function in sperm, as indicated by enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential at 100 mg/kg (P < 0.01) and reduced reactive oxygen species levels and sperm apoptosis (P < 0.05). In conclusion, lycopene supplementation, particularly at 100 mg/kg, significantly improves semen quality, testicular health, antioxidant capacity, and reproductive hormone levels in aging breeder roosters, with potential applications in enhancing reproductive performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".