Citizenship and NIMBYism: Identities at the Juncture of Homelessness, Place, and Ideology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Not in my back yard (NIMBY)ism is a form of anti-homeless discrimination intended to displace people experiencing homelessness from urban spaces. While research on anti-homeless discrimination is abundant, the Canadian literature has yet to explore the political dimensions of this type of discrimination. International researchers have studied the connections between homelessness and citizenship, and we take up this theoretical work in this study. We present interview data from people experiencing homelessness in three mid-sized cities in Ontario. Using an analytical framework comprised of citizenship studies, urban geography, and sociological research on stigmatization, we assess participants’ perspectives of their respective communities, their understanding of the typology of homelessness, and how they enact particular kinds of public behaviours. We find that the participants’ public behaviours adapt to the place identity of their community to avoid stigmatization. The participants’ public behaviours are illustrative of how modern citizenship has been reconfigured under capitalism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.030 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".