A subset of human choroid plexus epithelial cells exhibit mitochondrial eccentricity and distinct expression of the pigmentation-associated enzyme TYRP1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract For decades, ultrastructural evaluation of epithelial cells in diverse organ systems has demonstrated the existence of two subtypes identified by stark differences in cytoplasmic electron density – so-called light and dark epithelial cells. Choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cells are key regulators of CSF homeostasis and are one of many specialized epithelial linings that exhibit this bimodal phenotype. Despite longstanding acknowledgement, it has been difficult to assess the potential significance of adult human light and dark CP epithelial cells due to a lack of characterization beyond electron microscopy (EM). We present the first transcriptomic analysis of adult human CP epithelial cells and denote the existence of four epithelial subpopulations, one of which is defined by elevated expression of TYRP1 – a melanocyte-associated tyrosine-related protein involved in cellular pigmentation and proliferation. TYRP1 -high cells also downregulate genes related to cilia function (which is consistent with observations of dark cell identity in organoids) and upregulate genes associated with pathways related to cell cycling, stress, and iron regulation. Our data provide an explanation of the molecular underpinning of adult human light and dark cell identity and serve as a resource for investigations of epithelial heterogeneity in the CP and other organs where dark cells are found.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".