Ancient scars and rotating ribbons: Appalachian–Caledonian orogenic influence on the genesis of the Flemish Cap and the Porcupine Bank during Mesozoic North Atlantic rifting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Newfoundland–Irish Atlantic conjugate margin pair hosts more continental ribbons, failed rifts, and unusually sized and oriented sedimentary basins than anywhere else in the modern Atlantic Ocean. These margins also happen to have formed through rifting and break-up of the lithosphere that was involved in Appalachian–Caledonide orogenesis in the Paleozoic, with the Mesozoic propagating rift having impinged on the orogenic structures at an oblique angle. Here we combine results from 3D numerical modelling of oppositely propagating rifts, which are superimposed on deformable plate reconstructions of the southern North Atlantic. We propose that the rift oddities of the Newfoundland–Irish Atlantic conjugate margin pair resulted from the northward propagating rift responsible for the break-up of Pangaea reactivating Appalachian–Caledonide inherited structures under extension, effectively turning them into a southward propagating rift. The interaction of the two rifts caused the formation and clockwise rotation of a large continental microplate, which was ultimately split by a transform fault into two smaller clockwise-rotated mirrored continental ribbons, namely the Flemish Cap and the Porcupine Bank. The rotations of these continental microplates, which created the Orphan and Porcupine sedimentary basins and failed rifts therein, show the influence of inherited orogenic structures on subsequent rifting.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".