Efficacy of intra-articular hyaluronic acid with sorbitol injection for pain relief in primary osteoarthritis knee
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by progressive articular destruction that causes pain, deformity, joint stiffness and functional impairment. Pain management and reduction in functional limitation are the main goals of the current pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic OA therapy strategies. The most often prescribed pharmacologic therapy are intra-articular (IA) corticosteroid injections and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). These treatments have drawbacks because IA corticosteroid injections offer temporary, effective relief and NSAIDs can have major side effects. Another therapy option for knee OA discomfort is an intraarticular injection (IA) of hyaluronic acid (HA). HA reduces articular cartilage deterioration by acting as a lubricant and shock absorber to shield the joint structures and articular cartilage from compressive and shear pressures. Sorbitol helps shield sodium hyaluronate from deterioration and reduces tissue damage brought on by inflammation. The purpose of this study was to advance our understanding on the application of intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid with sorbitol in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and to support practicing clinicians in selecting the most suitable patients for intra-articular hyaluronic acid with sorbitol. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Sri Siddhartha Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Tumakuru between June 2022 to May 2024. A total of 33 Patients who were clinically diagnosed to be suffering from Osteoarthritis, fulfilling the inclusion & exclusion criteria were chosen as final study participants. Patients given single dose of intra-articular injection of Hyaluronic Acid with Sorbitol {Hylasto S, 2ml (HA 2% 40mg; Sorbitol 4% 80mg)}. Follow up done at the end of 1st, 3rd and 6th month post procedure. The patients were evaluated primarily by assessing pain relief by Visual analogue scale and functional assessment by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) [Annexure] at the end of 1st, 3rd and 6th month. Results: Maximum subjects were in age range of 51-70yrs. There were 51.5% in grade3 group and 48.5% in grade2 of Kellgren and Lawrence grade of OA. More subjects were having symptoms of 6 months duration followed by 8 & 9months duration in 21.2% each, 7-month duration in 12.1%, 10-month duration in 9.1%- and 12-month duration in 6.1%. Improvement in pain noticed in VAS score and follow up shows highly statistically changes (p
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".