Optical phase shifter with electrostatic actuation mechanism for refractive index tuning of the silicon photonics waveguides based on a rotating microelectromechanical system structure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We introduce an innovative optical phase shifter that utilizes a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) tuning mechanism, providing low power consumption, fast tuning, small dimensions, and high performance. In this approach, a rotating MEMS actuator is presented, enabling bi-directional actuation, which allows for both an increase and decrease in the effective mode index and phase shift. This provides lower operating voltage and shorter response time compared with other existing MEMS actuators. The proposed device exhibits impressive functional characteristics, including an overall dimension of 1920 μm2, an effective phase shifting length of 30 μm, an insertion loss of 0.033 dB, an operating voltage of 10 V, a tuning time of 2.5 μs, and a phase shift of more than 3π at a wavelength of 1550 nm. With such advantages, this device is well-suited for use in large photonic integrated circuits, enabling complex applications such as artificial intelligence applications including machine learning, neural networks, and neuromorphic computing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".