A 2-year exploratory study to elaborate a methodological protocol for evaluating volcanic terroir influence in Gamay wines in the French PDO Côtes d′Auvergne
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of our study is to report a methodology used to determine chemical and sensory attributes of wines that were elaborated from vineyards growing on volcanic-derived soils in the French PDO Côtes d’Auvergne. For that purpose, vineyard soils were sampled in eight different geographical locations and analyzed by their granulometry, hydric stress and multi-elemental composition. Red wines were elaborated during vintages 2020 and 2021 and chemically characterized by classical oenological parameters, anthocyanins and multi-elemental analysis by ICP-MS, and sensorially described by a panel of nineteen experienced tasters. The results show that vineyards could be differentiated into two typologies of soils: four clay-limestone soils (A) and four basaltic soils (B). B soils presented a more heterogeneous granulometry, a higher water retention and a more concentrated mineral content compared to A soils. Volcanic Gamay wines, originating from these B soils, differed by their red yellowish color, lower total acidity, lower anthocyanin contents, higher contents of sodium, lithium and strontium and stronger peppery/smoky flavors compared to non-volcanic wines originating from A soils. The sensory descriptors were discussed as a function of the chemical composition of wines and could reveal the importance of volcanic terroirs in the sensory and chemical composition of wines. • Gamay wines from volcanic vineyards were elaborated during two consecutive vintages. • Sensory and chemical analysis distinguished volcanic and non-volcanic Gamay wines. • Volcanic vineyards present a more moderate hydric status compared to sedimentary vineyards. • Multi-elemental content contributes to chemical and sensory differentiation among Gamay wines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".