Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Bohai Sea Coastline Based on GIS and Remote Sensing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years, the Bohai coastline has undergone significant changes. Due to sea reclamation and harbor construction driven by industrialization, the coastline has expanded significantly, bay areas have shrunk, and the types of coastal land use experienced huge changes. These alterations pose threats to the stability of coastal ecosystems. Remote sensing plays a crucial role in monitoring the spatiotemporal changes of coastlines, providing high-resolution images that are indispensable for coastal analysis. Based on remote sensing and GIS methods, this paper will analyze the spatiotemporal changes of the coastline from 1986 to 2016, identifying the drivers behind these changes. The study focuses on three main factors: coastline change, bay area change and land-use type change. It finds an increase of 1102.77 km in coastline length, a decrease of 1824 km² in the bay area, and a gradual replacement of natural shorelines with artificial ones and constructed lands, leading to severe degradation of coastal mudflat wetlands. These changes have resulted in impaired ecosystem services, habitat loss, and reduced biodiversity, threatening the stability of the coastal ecosystem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".