Influence of osmotic dehydration conditions and finish air drying on the adsorption isotherms of cylindrical apple slices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Apples (variety Idared) were vertically cut into cylinders, 2.0 cm in diameter and 2.0 cm in height (five pieces from one apple). The samples were first dried using different drying methods and their adsorption isotherms were compared. In addition, the samples were subjected to osmotic dehydration (OD) under different conditions (sucrose concentration, 34°–63oB; temperature, 34°–66 °C and different times) followed by air drying (AD). The adsorption isotherms of these samples (OD-AD) were also evaluated. All the adsorption isotherms were evaluated at 20 °C, using the static-gravimetric method. Adsorption isotherms data were fitted to the GAB model and the isotherms were found to be affected by the drying method as well as the OD conditions. Changes in sorption curves of OD-AD apple cylinders as induced by OD variables were studied. Adsorption isotherms of OD-AD apples were generally shifted down with respect to control samples (AD, FD, and Oven) and with increasing solute concentration. The monolayer moisture content (Mm) of the OD-AD products was comparatively lower. Adsorption isotherm of OD-AD samples followed Type II isotherms unlike the conventionally dried samples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".