The Effect of Background Turbulence on the Dynamics of Turbulent Jets and Entrainment Processes Across the Turbulent/Turbulent Interface
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background turbulence disrupts the jet structure resulting in its rapid decay (mean velocity and passive scalar concentration) and a reduced entrainment, before jet breakdown when only turbulent diffusion acts. The effect of the background turbulence is characterized by its relative length scale, $$\mathcal {L}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:math> , and turbulence intensity, $$\xi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> </mml:math> , with $$\xi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> </mml:math> dominating the jet dynamics in the self-similar region. Large scales of the ambient turbulence advect the jet. Jet breakdown occurs at $$\xi = 0.5$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , while for $$\xi < 0.5$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , entrained small scales cause faster decay of the jet’s large vortical structures and transfer of their energy to smaller scales. They also increase the jet rms increasing the radial scalar transport and differential diffusion, thereby increasing the mixing. Entrainment occurs across the turbulent/turbulent interface, the TTI, identified by a larger sharp jump in mean and rms passive scalar concentration, which is longer, more tortuous and has a higher fractal dimension than its quiescent counterpart, the TNTI.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it