Dietary fibre fractions supplementation modulates pro-inflammatory cytokines, hindgut fermentation metabolites, and fecal consistency score in nursery pigs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dietary fibre (DF) may modulate the intestinal health of pigs depending on the content of DF fraction (DFF). Two hundred mixed-sex pigs (7.56 ± 0.86 kg) were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments in four blocks. Diets comprised a basal diet (BD), or BD supplemented with 2% DFF to provide soluble DF and insoluble DF, from inulin and lignocellulose, respectively, in ratios of 1:4 (DFF1), 1:8 (DFF2), 1:12 (DFF3), and 1:15 (DFF4) for 28 days. Compared with BD, plasma interleukin-6 was reduced in DFF1 by 20.1%, while plasma interleukin-1β was reduced in DFF2, DFF3, and DFF4 by average 20% ( P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase was lowest in DFF1 or DFF2 and highest in DFF3 ( P < 0.05). Decreasing soluble DF:insoluble DF (SDF:IDF) quadratically increased plasma urea nitrogen ( P < 0.05) and tended to decrease plasma myeloperoxidase ( P < 0.10). Hindgut ammonia-nitrogen and biogenic amine concentrations were reduced in DFF diets compared to BD ( P < 0.01). Overall, DFF reduced fecal consistency (FCS) compared to BD ( P < 0.001). Decreasing SDF:IDF quadratically reduced FCS ( P < 0.05). The results indicate that 2% DFF supplementation, regardless of the SDF:IDF, modulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, hindgut fermentation metabolites, and FCS in nursery pigs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".