Consistency, distinction, and potential metabolic crosstalk of nitrogen mobilization-related genes in silk production and silk gland biology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The domesticated silkworm (<italic>Bombyx mori</italic>) has evolved a highly efficient nitrogen utilization system to support silk production. The silk glands play a pleiotropic role in sequestering nitrogen resources for silk synthesis, mitigating aminoacidemia by assimilating free amino acids, and reallocating nitrogen during metamorphosis through programmed cell death. However, the specific functions of nitrogen metabolism-related genes in this process remain unclear. Using CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing, mutations were generated in glutamine synthetase (<italic>GS</italic>), glutamate synthetase (<italic>GOGAT</italic>), asparagine synthetase (<italic>AS</italic>), glutamate dehydrogenase (<italic>GDH</italic>) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (<italic>GOT1</italic>). Disruption of <italic>GS</italic>, <italic>GOGAT</italic>, and <italic>AS</italic> consistently reduced silkworm cocoon and pupal weight and significantly down-regulated silk protein gene transcription, whereas <italic>GOT1</italic> mutation had no such effect. <italic>GOGAT</italic> mutants exhibited abnormally enlarged silk glands, whereas <italic>GS</italic> and <italic>AS</italic> mutants showed delayed programmed cell death in the silk glands. In contrast, <italic>GOT1</italic> mutants displayed normal silk gland morphology but were consistently smaller. Disruption of <italic>GS</italic>, <italic>GOGAT</italic>, and <italic>AS</italic> led to more extensive transcriptional changes, including altered expression of transcription factors in the silk glands, compared with <italic>GOT1</italic> mutants. Both <italic>GS</italic> and <italic>GOGAT</italic> mutants exhibited up-regulation of <italic>AS</italic> and <italic>GDH</italic>, while only <italic>GOGAT</italic> mutants displayed elevated AS enzymatic activity, suggesting that GOGAT may compete with AS for glutamine in the silk glands to support silk protein synthesis. <italic>AS</italic> mutants showed significantly elevated GOT activity and up-regulation of several metabolic pathways, indicating that AS may functionally interact with GOT in regulating both silk gland development and programmed cell death during metamorphosis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".