Egg yolk hydrolysate shows osteogenic activity in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is growing interest in natural bioactive compounds for bone health, with egg yolk peptides showing promise owing to their osteogenic properties. However, previously reported extraction and purification methods are costly and time-consuming. This study explored the osteogenic properties of water-soluble egg yolk peptide fractions obtained using methods that are easily scalable for industrial production. Three different fractions were prepared: FA, water-soluble egg yolk fraction; FB, salt-soluble egg yolk fraction; FC, salt-soluble hydrolyzed egg yolk fraction. Effects of fractions were evaluated on osteoblastogenesis. FC, obtained via Protease M and Lipase AY digestion, stood out compared to FA and FB, demonstrating improved MC3T3-El proliferation, RUNX2 production, Akt phosphorylation, and osteoid mineralization . FC contains phosvitin and vitellogenin . The <3 kDa subfraction of FC obtained by ultrafiltration indicated a higher osteogenic potential in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts. These findings indicate that the egg yolk hydrolysate obtained by the FC method could be a promising source for formulating functional foods that enhance bone health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".