Sensitivity-enhanced Planar Microwave Sensor for Rapid Human Fibrinogen Concentration Monitoring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fibrinogen is essential for the formation of clots in the body and is crucial to maintaining hemostasis and recovering from trauma. Here, we present a highly sensitive portable planar microwave sensor for rapid detection of dissolved human fibrinogen. The proposed sensor will facilitate monitoring in pre-surgical evaluations and management of clotting disorders in clinical settings without physical contact with the sample under test using coupled reader-tag-based structure. The chipless tag, which is a planar split-ring resonator (SRR), is the main sensing element energized through electromagnetic (EM) coupling via a microstrip gap-coupled transmission line reader. As the sample solution changes in fibrinogen concentration, the dielectric properties of it will be impacted and the variation can be monitored using the tag. The sensor, with the designed resonance frequency of 876 MHz, demonstrates the capability to detect human fibrinogen concentrations with 0.1 mg/mL resolution, well below the thresholds considered clinically relevant. The sensitivity of the sensor is enhanced using interdigitated capacitive structures in the gap area of the SRRs allowing for the differentiation of concentrations at and around clinically relevant values.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".